Conditions and treatments

Allergies occur when our body overreacts to a 'trigger' or allergen. Common reactions include itchiness, sneezing and difficulty breathing. Anaphylaxis is a severe reaction that requires emergency treatment. Common allergies include hay fever, asthma, hives and food allergy.

Anxiety is extreme worry that interferes with our daily lives. Symptoms include panic attacks, physical fear reactions and attempts to avoid the situation. Anxiety disorders can lead to social isolation and depression but help is available.

Arthritis occurs when joints or muscles become painful, stiff and swollen. Common types include osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis and fibromyalgia. Exercise, medication and supportive therapies can help manage symptoms.

Asthma is a serious respiratory condition that causes difficulty breathing and can cause death. Recognise your asthma triggers and manage the condition with medication, relievers and preventers (puffers), exercise and other therapies.

Cancer grows when normal body cells multiply in an uncontrolled way. Cancer can affect any part of the body. Some cancers can be treated. Cancer screening tests can help detect some cancers early.

Dementia is a symptom of many illnesses including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease and AIDS. Effects include loss of memory, intellect, rationality, social skills and normal emotional reactions. Help is available for carers of people with dementia.

Depression is a mental illness that may be mild or severe. Types include major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, dysthymic and cyclothymic disorders, postnatal depression and seasonal affective disorder. Seek help early to avoid the risk of other mental health problems

Infections are generally caused by bacteria or viruses. These can be spread in blood, body fluids, contaminated food and airborne droplets or by animals and insects. Some infections can be prevented by immunisation

Medical tests can detect, diagnose or assess your risk of developing a medical condition. The results can help you and your doctor decide on treatment. Screening tests can provide early warning of health risks.

Medications include prescription, over-the-counter and complementary or herbal treatments designed to help keep us well. Incorrect use of medicines can cause side effects, overdose and other reactions. Make sure you take your medicines correctly.

Mental illnesses may be caused by life events, genetic factors or birth defects. They can be temporary or lifelong and include mood, anxiety, personality, psychotic and compulsive disorders. Help is available to prevent or manage mental health problems.

Sexually transmitted infections may be caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites. Anyone who is sexually active can catch an STI. Medical treatment may cure STIs or relieve symptoms. Use condoms to reduce your risk

Stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is blocked. Stroke can affect adults and children. Signs of stroke include dizziness, numbness and loss of vision. Early treatment can help manage the effects of a stroke.

Surgery is an operation to investigate or treat a disease or injury. Ask your surgeon to explain what you can expect and any risks involved. Take time to understand the information when deciding about surgery